Maritime - , ,
I build personal wing-in-ground-effect vessels. Also known as winged boats, ground-effect vehicles, or Ekranoplan, WIG craft fly very low over smooth surfaces, taking advantage of a well-known phenomenon called the "ground effect." Aircraft flying close to the surface (as in take-offs and landings) experience increased lift and reduced aerodynamic drag. For airplanes, the conditions under ground effect are temporary and short-lived. WIG vehicles, on the other hand, are only suited to flying in the narrow confines between the surface and up to one wingspan above the surface. By taking advantage of the increased lift and decreased drag of ground effect, WIG craft have much higher payload than a similarly sized aircraft, and better fuel economy. However, comparison to light aircraft isn't really fair, because WIG craft are considered surface vessels by U.S. and international maritime authorities. Compared to boats, WIG craft are much faster, much more fuel efficient, and have a much lower environmental impact. Because WIG craft don't move through the water, except for during taxi and takeoff, they cause much less wake damage to shorelines, and pose significantly less risk to marine mammals.