Engineering and Technology Journal is a global, scientific and Open Access journal. Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), this journal is published monthly by the University of Technology (UOT), Iraq, since 1977 (printed version) and since 2005 (online version). ETJ publishes original articles and review papers in the fields of engineering and science. The journal is using a double-blind peer-reviewing system to assure the quality of the publication. The Turnitin service is used to prevent plagiarism and to ensure the originality of our submitted manuscripts.